Formulas and calculators

Physics formulas

Equations from mechanics and other areas of physics, with units, assumptions, examples, and calculators.

Physics topics

Calculate motion, acceleration, and forces using clearly described quantities and compatible units.

Calculate density, mass, volume, and other measurable properties used to describe matter.

Calculate mechanical work, energy changes, power, and the quantities connected with energy transfer.

Calculate voltage, current, resistance, power, and other quantities used to analyse electric circuits.

Calculate frequency, period, wavelength, and wave speed for periodic oscillations, sound, and other waves.

Formula	Equation	Quantities	Open
Speed, distance and time	v = s / t	average speed, distance, elapsed time	Open
Acceleration	a = Δv / t	average acceleration, change in velocity, elapsed time	Open
Newton's second law	F = m × a	net force, mass, acceleration	Open
Density, mass and volume	ρ = m / V	mass density, mass, volume	Open
Kinetic energy	Ek = 1/2 × m × v²	kinetic energy, mass, speed	Open
Mechanical work	W = F × s	mechanical work, force, displacement	Open
Power, work and time	P = W / t	average power, work or energy, elapsed time	Open
Gravitational potential energy	Ep = m × g × h	gravitational potential energy, mass, gravitational acceleration, height difference	Open
Ohm's law	U = I × R	voltage, electric current, resistance	Open
Wave frequency, period and speed	T = 1 / f; v = λ × f	frequency, period, wavelength, wave speed	Open